Math Guide

How to Calculate Percentage Increase & Decrease (2026)

Percentage change is one of the most useful calculations in daily life. Whether you're tracking your salary hike, comparing product prices, or analyzing data trends, understanding how to calculate percentage increase and decrease is essential. This guide gives you the formula, simple steps, and real-life examples.

% Increase = (New Old) Old — 100
% Decrease = (Old New) Old — 100
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What is Percentage Change?

Percentage change tells you how much a value has increased or decreased relative to the original value. It is always expressed as a percentage (%) and can be positive (increase) or negative (decrease).

The Formula

Percentage Change = (New Value Old Value) Old Value — 100
If result is positive → Percentage Increase
If result is negative → Percentage Decrease

Step-by-Step Examples

Example 1 " Salary Hike:
Old salary: 40,000  |  New salary: 46,000
% Increase = (46,000 40,000) 40,000 — 100 = 6,000 40,000 — 100 = 15% increase

Example 2 " Price Discount:
Original price: 2,000  |  Sale price: 1,500
% Decrease = (2,000 1,500) 2,000 — 100 = 500 2,000 — 100 = 25% decrease

Example 3 " Stock Price:
Stock at 850 → drops to 750
% Decrease = (850 750) 850 — 100 = 100 850 — 100 📧 11.76% decrease

Finding Original Value from a Percentage Change

If a value increased by 20% and is now 1,200, what was the original?
Original = New (1 + %/100) = 1,200 1.20 = 1,000

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Also check the Percentage Formula Guide for more percentage types and use cases.

FAQs

What if the original value is 0?

Percentage change is undefined when the original value is zero, as division by zero is mathematically impossible.

Is a 100% increase the same as doubling?

Yes. A 100% increase means the value has doubled. A 200% increase means the value is now three times the original.

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